Mixing is process of layering and arranging multiple stems (Track recordings are known as stems). Mixing involves many process and after mixing a track it goes to mastering engineer for mastering. The following steps are :-
• EQ
• Compression
• Panning
• Reverb
• Layering
• Chorus transitions and effects
Let us discuss each one of them in easy and understandable language.
EQ
EQ is one of the most famous terms which means Equalizer. In this mixing engineer basically sets a certain frequency range. Let's assume a audio with frequency range ranging from very high to Low so basically EQ brings the whole audio within a certain frequency range making it easier for mixing engineer to find flaws and fix them.
Compression
A compression basically refers to reducing the difference between loudness in the track that is decreasing diff in loudest and quietest one. Just imagine you are listening a song and in the verse the sound of drums and snares are loud but as soon as chorus comes it becomes a lot quieter, will you be distracted or not?? You ll like a song which has a lot of variation in loudness or a song which has uniform sound.
(Kabhi asa experience kia hai ki speaker pr gana chalya aur ek sound set ki but thodi der bad 10-15s ke lie sound achanak se increase ho gai, it is because of this)
Panning
It is one of the most simplest term to explain but one of the most difficult task for a mixing engineer. In this you have to arrange all the instruments so that they sound absolutely perfect. (Asa nai lagna chaie ki kick ko snare ne dominate kr dia ya phir melody ko 808s ne dominate krdia). Basically arranging all the instruments.
Reverb
One of the most used technique and the most powerfull too. Reverb basically means echo which is being produced through a software. Basically what is an echo? It is repetition of sound after it is produced with each one getting fainter and fainter. The same thing happens here in reverb, the sound is set in continuos echo. (Jaise reverb the pianos, kaafi sari beats me use hota hai. Tell me one beat in comments).
Layering
Many a times you must have heard that this artist's layering wasn't done well, it didn't sound well. Basically layering is arranging all the stems one over the other so they sound perfect. (Isme akele layering se kaam nai chalta, many a times there is a gap between instruments playing usse bhi fix kia jata hai, basically ase overlap krvate hai ki it sounds more flat (Bhari Bhari lagni chaie audio)).
Chorus transitions and effects
Many a times a song starts with a chorus so to straight away give chorus, it wont sound good at all so there are many transitions involved like fade in one. Basically flattening the sound of guitars, bass so the chorus starts more fuller.
How to do Mixing ?
1) Consider earphones and three axis X, Y and Z.
3) Then on Y-axis we can move each instrument up and down to vary its Frequency.You might be wondering that why is he saying Instruments ?? Cause the song is made here only. All the parts of beat are assembled here only. A song is made from beat and vocals and beat is made from different instruments so all instruments are assembled here.
4) Now coming on Z axis (Image me mene teda banya hai to show it is coming out, 3-D effect). Now on Z axis you can vary loudness. Like in Hip Hop main focus is on vocals so they are ahead of everything in terms of loudness then comes beat and instruments. Now after arranging all this you may notice difference in loudness in vocals and instruments too which can be distracting so for this one can cut down frequencies using compressor. Now reverb is used to give a stereo effect and is used between the space in instruments.
Combine all and we will get something like this :-
Thank you !!
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